Research on policies of power batteries recycle in China from the perspective of life cycle
Abstract
As fueled by the rapid advancement of novel energies-based vehicles in our nation since 2015, Chinese production and ownership of novel energies-based vehicles in China have been leaping forward. According to 4—8 years’ service life of power batteries, China ushered into the large-scale scrapping phase of power batteries in 2019, so the power batteries recycle system should be urgently constructed. Given the life cycle perspective, the characteristics of each stage of the power battery life cycle are analyzed in the present study. As revealed from the results, the upstream end of the power batteries recycle system in China is not yet perfect, the production capacity at the midstream end tends to be excess, and the downstream end is in the exploratory phase. Moreover, the present study analyzes the policies throughout the life cycle of power batteries, and it is reported that the recycling policies at the midstream processing end are relatively concentrated, the upstream and downstream policies are comparatively deficient, the top-level legal construction is lacked, the recycling network is not perfect, and the incentive and guidance policies for echelon exploitation enterprises require modification, and relevant policy suggestions are proposed.
Keyword : power batteries, recycle policies, life cycle, environmental sustainability
How to Cite
Wang, D. (2021). Research on policies of power batteries recycle in China from the perspective of life cycle. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14855
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Ding, H. (2016). Management experience and enlightenment of power battery recycling in the United States. Environmental Protection, 44(22), 69–72 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2016.22.016
Ding, S. (2009). Research on waste battery recycling. Ecological Economy (Academic edition), (02), 385–388 (in Chinese).
Ding, X., & Zhong, J. (2018). Power battery recycling mode selection using an extended MULTIMOORA method. Scientific Programming, 2018, 7675094. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7675094
Dunn, J. B., Gaines, L., Kelly, J. C., & Gallagher, K. G. (2016). Life cycle analysis summary for automotive lithium-ion battery production and recycling. In REWAS 2016 (pp. 73–79). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48768-7_11
Gaines, L., & Singh, M. (1995). Energy and environmental impacts of electric vehicle battery production and recycling (No. ANL/ ES/CP-87281; CONF-9510282-2). Argonne National Lab., IL, United States. https://doi.org/10.4271/951865
Gao, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, F., & Zhou, W. (2014). Research on environmental impact of vehicle power battery recycling. Automobile & Accessories, (20), 41–43 (in Chinese).
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2016a). Code of Automotive Power Batteries [EB/OL]. https://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057585/n3057589/c5288442/part/5288458.pdf
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2016b). Specification and Dimension of Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles (Draft) [EB/OL]. https://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057585/n3057589/c5288442/part/5288457.pdf
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2017a). Specification for Recycling and Dismantling of Automotive Power Batteries [EB/OL]. http://www.china-nengyuan.com/tech/110809.html
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2017b). Detection of Residual Energy of Automotive Power batteries recycle [EB/OL]. http://www.cqjnw.org/article.php?id=11772
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2017c). Coding Rules for Automotive Power Batterie [EB/OL]. https://max.book118.com/html/2017/0808/126688180.shtm
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2018). Requirements for Recycling Materials for Automotive Power Batteries (Draft) [EB/OL]. https://max.book118.com/html/2018/0802/7103035155001141.shtm
General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). Implementation Plan for Broaden Producer Responsible Mechanism [EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-01/03/content_5156043.htm
Georgiadis, P., & Besiou, M. (2010). Environmental and economical sustainability of WEEE closed-loop supply chains with recycling: A system dynamics analysis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 47(5–8), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2362-7
Halog, A., Sagisaka, M., & Inaba, A. (2003, September 8–10). Assessment of electric vehicle battery technologies using fuzzy linguistic and AHP approaches. In 8th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, (Vol. A., pp. 294–301). Lemnos Island, Greece.
Jiang, K. (2019). Research on the recycling of power batteries of new energy vehicles based on echelon use. Chinese Labat Man, (02), 51–54+96 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.16679/j.cnki.21-1121.2019.02.001
Jungst, R. G. (1997). Recycling readiness of advanced batteries for electric vehicles (No. SAND-97-2343C; CONF-971096-). Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Li, J. (2010). Current situation analysis and improvement countermeasures of waste battery recycling mode. Oriental Enterprise Culture, (05), 237 (in Chinese).
Li, M., Wu, J., & Wang, C. (2008). Current situation of waste battery treatment and management countermeasures. China Science and Technology Information, (09), 19–20 (in Chinese).
Li, W. (2018). Research on reverse logistics network optimization of power battery [Master’s thesis]. North China Electric Power University Beijing (in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201901&filename=1018240798.nh
Li, Y., & Gao, Y. (2013). Experience and enlightenment of power battery recycling in Germany. Resource Recycling, (10), 48–50 (in Chinese).
Liu, J., Cai, G., & Liu, H. (2012). Research on agent-based battery recycling model for electric vehicles. Logistics Technology, (15), 298–301+310 (in Chinese).
Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. (2016). Policies on Prevention and Control Technology for Waste Battery Pollution (Draft)[EB/OL]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201602/t20160219_330434.htm
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2015). Industry Standard Conditions for Automotive Power Batteries [EB/OL]. http://www.china-nengyuan.com/news/75011.html
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2016a). Industry Standard Conditions for Overall Exploitation of Waste Power Batteries of Novel energiesbased vehicles [EB/OL]. https://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1146592/n3917132/n4061768/c5153417/part/5153446.pdf
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2016b). Interim Measures for Management of Industry Standard Announcement for Overall Exploitation of Waste Power Batteries of Novel energies-based vehicles [EB/OL]. http://www.china-nengyuan.com/news/91887.html
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2016c). Interim Measures for Power batteries recycle of Novel energies-based vehicles (Draft)[EB/OL]. http://www.china-nengyuan.com/news/101746.html
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2018a). Interim Measures for Management of Power batteries recycle of Novel energies-based vehicle [EB/OL]. http://www.huaibin.gov.cn/wzd/webinfo/2018/08/1534706988493194.htm
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2018b). Implementation Plan for Pilot Projects of Power batteries recycle of Novel energies-based vehicles [EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-07/26/content_5309433.htm
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2018c). Interim Provisions on Traceability Management of Power batteries recycle of Novel energies-based vehicles [EB/OL]. http://www.law-lib.com/law/law_view1.asp?id=627675
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2019a). Discharge Specifications for Automotive Power batteries recycle [EB/OL]. http://www.doc88.com/p-37016948572835.html
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2019b). Automotive Power batteries recycle and Echelon exploitation Product Identification [EB/OL]. http://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=5DDA8B9DC38918DEE05397BE0A0A95A7
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2019c). Guideline for Construction and Operation of Recycling Service Outlets of Power Batteries of Novel energies-based vehicles (Draft) [EB/OL]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1644355147492280220&wfr=spider&for=pc
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2020). Industry Standard Conditions for Overall Exploitation of Waste Power Batteries of Novel energies-based vehicles (2019 version)[EB/OL]. http://gxt.jl.gov.cn/xxgk/zcwj/bwgz/202001/t20200115_6543115.html
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. (2019d). Interim Measures for Industry Standard Announcement Management of Overall Exploitation of Waste Power Batteries of Novel energies-based vehicles (2019 version) [EB/OL]. http://gxt.jl.gov.cn/xxgk/zcwj/bwgz/202001/t20200115_6543115.html
National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China. (2016). Policies on Recycling Technologies for Electric Vehicle Power Batteries (2015 edition) [EB/OL]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/gg/201601/ t20160128_961147.html
Natkunarajah, N., Scharf, M., & Scharf, P. (2015). Scenarios for the return of lithium-ion batteries out of electric cars for recycling. Procedia CIRP, 29, 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.170
Olofsson, Y., & Romare, M. (2013). Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid buses [Master’s thesis]. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/180166/180166.pdf
Sun, B., Su, X., Wang, D., Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Liang, H., Gong, M., Zhang, W., & Jiang, J. (2020). Economic analysis of lithium-ion batteries recycled from electric vehicles for secondary use in power load peak shaving in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 123327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123327
Tian, X., Wu, Y., Hou, P., Liang, S., Qu, S., Xu, M., & Zuo, T. (2017). Environmental impact and economic assessment of secondary lead production: Comparison of main spent leadacid battery recycling processes in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 144, 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.171
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2012). Development Plan for Energy-Saving and Novel energies-based vehicle Industry (2012—2020) [EB/OL]. http://www.nea.gov.cn/2012-07/10/c_131705726.htm
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2014). Given the Guidelines of the General Office of the State Council for Expediting Novel energies-based vehicle Promotion and Application [EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-07/21/content_8936.htm
Van den Bossche, P., Vergels, F., Van Mierlo, J., Matheys, J., & Van Autenboer, W. (2006). SUBAT: An assessment of sustainable battery technology. Journal of Power Sources, 162(2), 913–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.039
Väyrynen, A., & Salminen, J. (2012). Lithium ion battery production. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 46, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2011.09.005
Wang, B. (2019). Research on Hybrid Channel recycling Pricing of Power Batteries of New Energy Vehicles under Government Subsidies [Master’s thesis], Shanghai Jiao Tong University (in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD202001&filename=1020805434.nh
Wang, C., Jiang, T., & Jiang, B. (2018). Research progress and prospect of waste power battery recycling. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, (10), 32–35 (in Chinese).
Xie, Y., Yu, H., Ou, Y., & Li, C. (2015). Research on environmental impact assessment of waste power battery recycling. Inorganic Salt Industry, (04), 43–46+61 (in Chinese).
Xie, Y., Yu, H., Ou, Y., & Li, C. (2017). Research on business model of power battery recycling. Chinese Journal of Power Resources, (04), 644–646 (in Chinese).
Xie, Y., Zhang, T., Tang, J., Yu, H., & Ou, Y. (2019). Research on the construction of waste power battery recycling system. Environmental Science and Management, (06), 169–173 (in Chinese).
Yao, H., Wang, Y., & Huang, J. (2015). Mode of new energy automotive battery reclamation with restriction of extender producer responsibility. Science and Technology Management Research, 35(18), 84–89 (in Chinese).
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