Influence of creative, social, and practical imaginativeness on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention of engineering students
Abstract
Despite the importance of imagination to entrepreneurship, it is underexplored by researchers in the field. Imaginativeness is a cognitive ability that coalesces the capacity for imagination with the knowledge required to rationally conjure up a variety of task-related scenarios. It is especially helpful for those who lack prior experience and therefore can be beneficial for recent graduates and anyone who wants to launch their own business. In our study, we examine whether imaginativeness, in its three forms, can influence engineering students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Our study recorded 216 responses to prove the hypotheses employing partial least squares path modeling using SmartPLS3, and we inferred that creative imaginativeness, social imaginativeness, and practical imaginativeness are positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy thereby strengthening entrepreneurial intention. The study provides distinctive insights into the study of imagination in the formation of entrepreneurial intention among engineering students in a developing economy, where studies are few.
Keyword : creative imaginativeness, emerging economy, engineering students, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, practical imaginativeness, social imaginativeness
How to Cite
Katyal, S., Lingappa, A. K., & Mathew, A. O. (2024). Influence of creative, social, and practical imaginativeness on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. Creativity Studies, 17(2), 362–378. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2024.17079
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Bellò, B., Mattana, V., & Loi, M. (2018). The power of peers: A new look at the impact of creativity, social context and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 24(1), 214–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2016-0205
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Krueger Jr., N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
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Saeed, S., Yousafzai, Sh. Y., Yani-de-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The role of perceived university support in the formation of students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090
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Ancel, G. (2016). Problem-solving training: Effects on the problem-solving skills and self-efficacy of nursing students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 231–246. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.64.13
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman and Company.
Bandura, A., & Jourden, F. J. (1991). Self-regulatory mechanisms governing the impact of social comparison on complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 941–951. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.941
BarNir, A., Watson, W. E., & Hutchins, H. M. (2011). Mediation and moderated mediation in the relationship among role models, self‐efficacy, entrepreneurial career intention, and gender. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 270–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00713.x
Baron, R. A., & Tang, J. (2011). The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation: Joint effects of positive affect, creativity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.06.002
Bellò, B., Mattana, V., & Loi, M. (2018). The power of peers: A new look at the impact of creativity, social context and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 24(1), 214–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2016-0205
Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1986). Applications of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.279
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442–453. https://doi.org/10.2307/258091
Chakrabarty, A., Tagiya, M., & Sinha, Sh. (2021). Techno-entrepreneurship in India through a strategic lens. In R. Kumar, N. H. Quang, V. Kumar Solanki, M. Cardona, & P. Cumar Pattnaik (Eds.), Research in Intelligent and Computing in Engineering: Select Proceedings of RICE 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 1254, pp. 299–308). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7527-3_29
Chen, Ch. C., Gene Greene, P., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
Chiles, T. H., Crawford, B., & Elias, S. R. S. T. A. (2021). Mind, body, and soul: A spiritual perspective on the entrepreneurial imagination. Organization Theory, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211005786
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
Engle, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J. V., Schlaegel, Ch., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., He, X., Buame, S., & Wolff, B. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve‐country evaluation of Ajzen’s model of planned behavior. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 16(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011020063
Engle, R. L., Schlaegel, Ch., & Dimitriadi, N. (2011). Institutions and entrepreneurial intent: A cross-country study. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(2), 227–250. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946711001811
Erozkan, A. (2013). The effect of communication skills and interpersonal problem solving skills on social self-efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 739–745.
Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., Susilo, H., & Muhdhar, al M. H. I. (2020). The effects of integrated problem-based learning, predict, observe, explain on problem-solving skills and self-efficacy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 85, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.85.3
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., & Stark, M. S. (2015). Planning and entrepreneurship. In M. D. Mumford & M. Frese (Eds.), Series in organization and management. The psychology of planning in organizations: Research and applications (pp. 289–311). Routledge.
Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2020). National education policy 2020. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf
Grimes, M. G., & Vogus, T. J. (2021). Inconceivable! Possibilistic thinking and the sociocognitive underpinnings of entrepreneurial responses to grand challenges. Organization Theory, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211005780
Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, Ch. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Herath, H. M. A., & Mahmood, R. (2014). Dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firm performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research – A: Administration and Management, 14(4), 23–30.
Heunks, F. J. (1998). Innovation, creativity and success. Small Business Economics, 10, 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007968217565
Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
Horng, J.-Sh., Hsiao, H.-L., Liu, Ch.-H., Chou, Sh.-F., & Chung, Y.-Ch. (2021). Learning innovative entrepreneurship: Developing an influential curriculum for undergraduate hospitality students. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100289
Horvath, Zs. E. (2016). Assessing calling as a predictor of entrepreneurial interest. Society and Economy, 38(4), 513–535. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2016.38.4.5
Kier, A. S., & McMullen, J. S. (2020). Entrepreneurial imaginativeness and new venture ideation in newly forming teams. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106048
Kier, A. S., & McMullen, J. S. (2018). Entrepreneurial imaginativeness in new venture ideation. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2265–2295. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0395
Krueger Jr., N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Kumar, R., & Shukla, Sh. (2022). Creativity, proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions: Examining the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Global Business Review, 23(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919844395
Lee, V.-H., Ooi, K.-B., Yee-Loong Chong, A., & Seow, Ch. (2014). Creating technological innovation via green supply chain management: An empirical analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(16), 6983–6994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.05.022
Lingappa, A. K., Shah, A., & Mathew, A. O. (2020). Academic, family, and peer influence on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020933877
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
McCann, B. T., & Vroom, G. (2015). Opportunity evaluation and changing beliefs during the nascent entrepreneurial process. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 33(6), 612–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614544198
McMullen, J. S. (2010). Perspective taking and the heterogeneity of the entrepreneurial imagination. In R. Koppl, S. Horwitz, & P. Desrochers (Eds.), Advances in Austrian economics. What is so Austrian about Austrian Economics? (Vol. 14, pp. 113–143). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000014009
McMullen, J. S., & Kier, A. S. (2017). You don’t have to be an entrepreneur to be entrepreneurial: The unique role of imaginativeness in new venture ideation. Business Horizons, 60(4), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.03.002
Mumford, M. D. (2003). Where have we been, where are we going? Taking stock in creativity research. Creativity Research Journal, 15(2–3), 107–120. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10400419.2003.9651403
Noble, de A. F., Jung, D., & Ehrlich, S. B. (1999). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: The development of a measure and its relationship to entrepreneurial action. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 19. https://digitalcollections.babson.edu/digital/collection/ferpapers/id/3046/
Otto, K., Glaser, D., & Dalbert, C. (2009). Mental health, occupational trust, and quality of working life: Does belief in a just world matter? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), 1288–1315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00482.x
Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970–985. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12116
Prabhu, V. P., McGuire, S. J., Drost, E. A., & Kwong, K. K. (2012). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent: Is entrepreneurial self‐efficacy a mediator or moderator? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 18(5), 559–586. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211253937
Saeed, S., Yousafzai, Sh. Y., Yani-de-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The role of perceived university support in the formation of students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090
Salavera, C., Usán, P., & Jarie, L. (2017). Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in secondary education students. Are there gender differences? Journal of Adolescence, 60(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009
Sánchez, J. C. (2011). University training for entrepreneurial competencies: Its impact on intention of venture creation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7, 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0156-x
Sesen, H. (2013). Personality or environment? A comprehensive study on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Education + Training, 55(7), 624–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-05-2012-0059
Shane, S., & Nicolaou, N. (2015). Creative personality, opportunity recognition and the tendency to start businesses: A study of their genetic predispositions. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(3), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.04.001
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
Suddaby, R., & Bruton, G. D., & Si, S. X. (2015). Entrepreneurship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.09.003
Tamannaeifar, M. R., & Motaghedifard, M. (2014). Subjective well-being and its sub-scales among students: The study of role of creativity and self-efficacy. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.003
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