Digital responsibility insights from a cross-cultural design thinking workshop for creativity
Abstract
To be digitally responsible, one should be aware of the current issues in the digital world; therefore, raising awareness on digital responsibility and data privacy is important in the public and private sectors. This study aimed to raise awareness on digital responsibility and help students understand the importance of utilizing the design thinking process for generating creative ideas. The authors facilitated a design thinking workshop where 62 students from different cultural backgrounds (Korean and Swiss) and majors collaboratively explored data privacy issues and presented their novel, creative solutions. The data gathered from observations and interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. These students of the digital age developed remarkable ones, such as keeping data safe from social networking services and protecting voice data from being recorded by a third party. The cross-cultural, interdisciplinary team rapidly implemented their creative and globally applicable solutions with visually feasible, diagrammed prototypes, which is an effective tool of the design thinking process. The article demonstrates how design thinking techniques could be applied in university classes and could inspire teachers to use the five stages of design thinking in their teaching.
Keyword : creativity, data privacy, design thinking, digital responsibility, interdisciplinary design education, rapid prototyping
How to Cite
Lee, H.-K., & Park, J. E. (2022). Digital responsibility insights from a cross-cultural design thinking workshop for creativity. Creativity Studies, 15(2), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2022.14063
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Beyhl, Th., & Giese, H. (2016). The design thinking methodology at work: Capturing and understanding the interplay of methods and techniques. In H. Plattner, Ch. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Understanding innovation. Design thinking research: Taking breakthrough innovation home (pp. 49–65). Ch. Meinel & L. Leifer (Series Eds.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40382-3_5
Blot, K. J., Zárate, M. A., & Paulus, P. B. (2003). Code-switching across brainstorming sessions: Implications for the revised hierarchical model of bilingual language processing. Experimental Psychology, 50(3), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1026//617-3169.50.3.171
Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review. https://readings.design/PDF/Tim%20Brown,%20Design%20Thinking.pdf
Buhl, A., Schmidt-Keilich, M., Muster, V., Blazejewski, S., Schrader, U., Harrach, Ch., Schäfer, M., & Süßbauer, E. (2019). Design thinking for sustainability: Why and how design thinking can foster sustainability-oriented innovation development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 1248–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.259
Ceschin, F., & Gaziulusoy, I. (2016). Evolution of design for sustainability: From product design to design for system innovations and transitions. Design Studies, 47, 118–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2016.09.002
ConPolicy: Institut für Verbraucherpolitik. (2021). Corporate digital responsibility. ConPolicy.de. https://www.conpolicy.de/en/topics/corporate-digital-responsibility/
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013). Creativity: The psychology of discovery and invention. Harper Perennial/Modern Classics.
Dorst, K., & Cross, N. (2001). Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem–solution. Design Studies, 22(5), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00009-6
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
Erlingsson, Ch., & Brysiewicz, P. (2017). A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 7(3), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001
Findeli, A. (2001). Rethinking design education for the 21st century: Theoretical, methodological, and ethical discussion. Design Issues, 17(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1162/07479360152103796
Flyverbom, M., Deibert, R., & Matten, D. (2019). The governance of digital technology, big data, and the internet: New roles and responsibilities for business. Business and Society, 58(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650317727540
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Ka-yee Leung, A., Maddux, W. W., Galinsky, A. D., & Chiu, Ch. (2008). Multicultural experience enhances creativity: The when and how. American Psychologist, 63(3), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.3.169
Kelley, T., & Kelley, D. (2013). Creative confidence: Unleashing the creative potential within us all. Currency Press.
Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(6), 925–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12163
Lobschat, L., Mueller, B., Eggers, F., Brandimarte, L., Diefenbach, S., Kroschke, M., & Wirtz, J. (2021). Corporate digital responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 122, 875–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.006
Osburg, Th. (2017). Sustainability in a digital world needs trust. In Th. Osburg & Ch. Lohrmann (Eds.), CSR, Sustainability, ethics and governance. Sustainability in a digital world: New opportunities through new technologies (pp. 3–19). S. O. Idowu & R. Schmidpeter (Series Eds.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54603-2
Paulus, P. B., Zee, van der K. I., & Kenworthy, J. (2016). Cultural diversity and team creativity. In V. P. Glăveanu (Ed.), Palgrave studies in creativity and culture. The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 57–76). V. P. Glăveanu & B. Wagoner (Series Eds.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_4
Rainie, L., Kiesler, S., Kang, R., & Madden, M. (2013). Anonymity, privacy, and security online. Pew research center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/09/05/anonymity-privacy-and-security-online/
Runco, M. A. (2014). Creativity. Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. Elsevier.
Schön, D. A. (1984). Problems, frames and perspectives on designing. Design Studies, 5(3), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(84)90002-4
Shin, Sh. J., Kim, T.-Y., Lee, J.-Y., & Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0270
Simon, J. R. (1969). Reactions toward the source of stimulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(1), 174–176. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027448
Singh, D. (2019, 9–10 January). Ethical dilemmas on data privacy and security for social media’s users. In Proceedings of International Conference on Media Ethics. Pune, Maharashtra, India. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3395616
Srinivasan, S. (2015, 29 June–5 July). Privacy protection and data breaches. In E. Cohen (Ed.), Proceedings of Informing Science and IT Education Conference (InSITE) 2015. Tampa, Florida, United States. http://proceedings.informingscience.org/InSITE2015/InSITE15p429-444Srini1984.pdf
Stegall, N. (2006). Designing for sustainability: A philosophy for ecologically intentional design. Design Issues, 22(2), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi.2006.22.2.56
The d.school. Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. (2021). Bootcamp Bootleg: d.school. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57c6b79629687fde090a0fdd/t/58890239db29d6cc6c3338f7/1485374014340/METHODCARDS-v3-slim.pdf
Wade, M. (2020). Corporate responsibility in the digital era. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/corporate-responsibility-in-the-digital-era/