Migrant impact on the development of creative society in Lithuania: a critical overview
Abstract
Migration has become a significant issue in many countries and it has been highly debated topic in economic and social policy areas. Only recently, the impact of migration on the culture, norms, values and development of creative society had begun to catch the attention of policymakers and researchers. Migrant contributions to the society are seen not only as significant component to economies and their labour markets, but also as an important factor in stimulating creativity and innovation. This paper analyses this inter-relatedness and presents empirically-based arguments in support of the position that a migration can be regarded as the main prerequisite for the creation of a knowledge economy and as providing the potential for development of creative and inclusive society.
Santrauka
Straipsnyje analizuojamas aukštos kvalifikacijos imigrantų poveikis kūrybos visuomenės plėtrai Lietuvoje. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti teorines aukštos kvalifikacijos imigracijos poveikio kūrybos visuomenės plėtrai prielaidas, imigrantų įtaką priimančiosios šalies kultūrai, normoms, vertybėms ir talentingų darbuotojų pritraukimo į šalį veiksnius. Straipsnyje laikomasi požiūrio, kad imigrantų indėlis į visuomenę vertinamas ne tik kaip reikšmingas ekonomikos ir šalies darbo rinkos komponentas, bet ir kaip svarbus veiksnys, skatinantis kūrybiškumą ir inovacijas. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas minėtas tarpusavio ryšys ir pateikiami empiriškai pagrįsti argumentai, patvirtinantys poziciją, kad talentingų darbuotojų migracija gali būti laikoma pagrindine sąlyga kuriant žinių ekonomiką ir siekiant kūrybiškos bei įtraukios visuomenės potencialo plėtros.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: kūrybiškumas, įvairovė, migracija, socialinės inovacijos, tolerancija, jaunimo politika.
Keyword : creativity, diversity, migration, social innovation, tolerance, youth policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ambrozaitienė, D. (2013, 9 May). Lietuvos gyventojų tarptautinė migracija. Meeting of the Seimas of Republic of Lithuania and the Commission of the World of Lithuanian Community. Statistics Lithuania. https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/637156/Pasaulio_lietuviu_bendr_Gyv_+tarpt_+migr_130509.pdf/48e90937-3bd1-4590-8aa6-68087cdf46dd
Ardichvili, A. (2009). The relationship between meaning of working and socioeconomic transformations: the case of Post-Communist Russia. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11(2), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422309332244
Beresniova, Ch. (2010). When intolerance means more than prejudice: challenges to Lithuanian education reforms for social tolerance. In I. Silova (Ed.), Post-socialism is not dead: (re)reading the global in comparative education (international perspectives on education and society) (pp. 247–270). Series: International Perspectives on Education and Society. A. Yogev (Series Ed.). Vol. 14. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014012
Blanchflower, D. G., & Shadforth, Ch. (2009). Fear, unemployment and migration. The Economic Journal, 119(535), 136–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02224.x
Chen, X. (2011). Tolerance and economic performance in American metropolitan areas: an empirical investigation. Sociological Forum, 26(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01225.x
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University–Industry–Government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
Favell, A. (2008). Eurostars and Eurocities: free movement and mobility in an integrating Europe. Series: Studies in Urban and Social Change. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470712818
Florida, R. (2005). The flight of the creative class: the new global competition for talent. HarperBusiness.
Florida, R. (2019). The rise of the creative class. Basic Books.
Florida, R., Mellander, Ch., & King, K. (2015). The Global Creativity Index 2015. Martin Prosperity Institute.
Grabowska, I., Garapich, M. P., Jaźwińska, E., & Radziwinowiczówna, A. (2017). Migrants as agents of change: social remittances in an enlarged European Union. Series: Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59066-4
Grincevičienė, V., Kocai, E., Labanauskas, L., Lashuk, I., Likhachova, O., Matakaitė, S., Sosnovskaya, N., & Valantiejus, V. (2016). Socio-cultural value orientations of youth: cases of Lithuania and Belarus. Lietuvos Edukologijos universiteto leidykla.
Harris, L. (2000). A theory of intellectual capital. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 2(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/152342230000200104
Hart, D. M. (2007). Understanding immigration in a national systems of innovation framework. Science and Public Policy, 34(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234207X189696
Huddleston, Th., Bilgili, Ö., Joki, A.-L., Vankova, Z., Niessen, J., Bardolet, A., Fàbregues, F., Ingleby, J. D., Sánchez-Montijano, E., & Shklyan, K. (2015). Migrant Integration Policy Index 2015. Barcelona Centre for International Affairs/Migration Policy Group.
Hunt, J., & Gauthier-Loiselle, M. (2009). How much does immigration boost innovation? Discussion Paper Series. IZA DP No. 3921. http://ftp.iza.org/dp3921.pdf
International Organization for Migration. (2020). World Migration Report 2020. International Organization for Migration.
Janušauskienė, D. (2013). Tolerancijos apraiškos Lietuvoje: vertybinės nuostatos tautinių mažumų atžvilgiu. Socialinių mokslų studijos, 5(2), 421–432.
Kačerauskas, T. (2012). Creative economy and technologies: social, legal and communicative issues. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 13(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.620151
Labanauskas, L. (2014). Knowledge work and transnational networks in Lithuanian public sector. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 2(32), 158–171. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc/2014.2.32.15
Labanauskas L. (2019, 29 October). Online and face-to-face hate incidents against persons of different racial and ethnic background: experiences of Jewish, Roma, Muslim and LGBTQ+ Communities in Lithuania. Round Table Discussion between Policy Makers and Community Representatives. Lithuanian Ministry of Interior [unpublished source].
Lacroix, Th., Levitt, P., & Vari-Lavoisier, I. (2016). Social remittances and the changing transnational political landscape. Comparative Migration Studies, 4(16). https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40878-016-0032-0
Levitt, P. (2015). Artifacts and allegiances: how museums put the nation and the world on display. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520286061.001.0001
Levitt, P. (1998). Social remittances: migration driven local-level forms of cultural diffusion. The International Migration Review, 32(4), 926–948. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200404
Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. (2013). Valstybinė švietimo 2013–2022 metų strategija. https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.463390
Marcinkevičienė, R. (2004, 2 December). Emigracija spaudoje: požiūrio atspindys ar formavimas. Paper at the Seminar “Lithuanian Emigration Nowadays: Losses and Achievements”. Kaunas, Vytautas Magnus University. http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/lkk/pdf/Emigracija.pdf
Niebuhr, A. (2010). Migration and innovation: does cultural diversity matter for regional R&D activity? Papers in Regional Science, 89(3), 563–585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00271.x
Pereira Lopes, M., Jardim da Palma, P., & Pina e Cunha, M. (2011). Tolerance is not enough: the moderating role of optimism on perceptions of regional economic performance. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 102(2), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9685-5
Prytula, Y., & Pohorila, N. (2012). Socio-economic determinants of international migration. Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, 6(1), 3–26.
Psacharopoulos, G., & Woodhall, M. (1986). Education for development: an analysis of investment choices. Oxford University Press.
Sprindžiūnas, A. (2006). Lietuvos moksleivių ksenofobijos ir politinės tolerancijos bruožai. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 16, 74–86. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2006.16.9709
State Progress Council. (2020). Lithuania’s progress strategy “Lithuania 2030”. https://lrv.lt/uploads/main/documents/files/EN_version/Useful_information/lithuania2030.pdf
Stuen, E., Mobarak, A. M., & Maskus, K. E. (2012). Skilled immigration and innovation: evidence from enrolment fluctuations in US doctoral programs. The Economic Journal, 122(565), 1143–1176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02543.x
Tereškinas, A. (2007). “Not Private Enough?”: homophobic and injurious speech in the Lithuanian media. https://www.lgl.lt/en/files/not-private-enough1.pdf
Ushkalov, I. G., & Malakha, I. A. (2001). The “Brain Drain” as a global phenomenon and its characteristics in Russia. Russian Social Science Review, 42(5), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.2753/RSS1061-1428420579
Vertovec, S. (Ed.). (2015). Routledge international handbook of diversity studies. Series: Routledge International Handbooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315747224
Williams, A. M. (2007). Listen to me, learn with me: international migration and knowledge transfer. An International Journal of Employment Relations, 45(2), 361–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00618.x