The development and validation of the Penta Helix construct
Abstract
The concept of Penta Helix or Quintuple Helix have been widely discussed and used as frameworks in many researches in relation of innovation or organizational innovation field. it is believed that if the Penta Helix stakeholders work together in synergy it will foster innovation and an innovation-based economy. However, no research has been found yet that validate measurement constructs of the Penta Helix or the Quintuple Helix. Through extensive literature review, we developed a construct of the Penta Helix variables in relation to innovation and knowledge-based economy, into five dimensions consisting of Academicians, Business, Government, Community and Medias (ABGCM). The data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 95 technology-based startups in Indonesia, and afterward analysed by using confirmatory factor analysis technique, performed by the SmartPLS software. A final 20-item measurement construct was validated as main contribution of this study toward Penta Helix theory. There are issues arose on methodological and theoretical of the Penta Helix construct and discussed in our findings.
Keyword : Penta Helix Construct, confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity, Validity Penta Helix
How to Cite
Sudiana, K., Sule, E. T., Soemaryani, I., & Yunizar, Y. (2020). The development and validation of the Penta Helix construct. Business: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 136-145. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11231
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Nylander, S., & Tholander, J. (2017). Community-based innovation among elite orienteers. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Communities and Technologies (pp. 87–95).
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1967). McGraw-Hill series in psychology. Psychometric theory. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
Parveen, S., Senin, A. A., & Umar, A. (2015). Organization culture and open innovation: A Quadruple Helix Open Innovation Model Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 335–342.
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Rampersad, G., Quester, P., & Troshani, I. (2010). Managing innovation networks: Exploratory evidence from ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnology networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(5), 793–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.07.002
Ranga, M., & Etzkowitz, H. (2013). Triple Helix systems: an analytical framework for innovation policy and practice in the Knowledge Society. Industry and Higher Education, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0165
Sharma, S., & Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-31064-8
Spender, J.-C., Corvello, V., Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P. (2017). Startups and open innovation: a review of the literature. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 4–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2015-0131
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Yahya, M. P., Santoso, B., & Wanto, A. H. (2018). Implementasi Bantuan Pemerintah dalam Kementrian Koperasi dan UKM (Studi Pada Kabupaten Lombok Tengah). Jurnal Profit, 12(2), 31–38.
Awaluddin, M., Sule, E. T., & Kaltum, U. (2016). The influence of competitive forces and value creation on company reputation and competitive strategy: a case of digital creative industry in Indonesia with the implication on sustainable business performance. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, IV(2), 201–234.
Borsboom, D., & Mellenbergh, G. J. (2004). The concept of validity, (November). https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.1061
Budiaji, W. (2013). LIKERT (The Measurement Scale and The Number of Responses in Likert Scale). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Dan Perikanan, 2(2), 125–131.
Calzada, I. (2016). (Un) plugging smart cities with urban transformations: towards multi-stakeholder city-regional complex urbanity. URBS. Revista de Estudios Urbanos y Ciencias Sociales, 6(2), 25–45.
Campbell, D. F. J., Carayannis, E. G., & Rehman, S. S. (2015). Quadruple Helix structures of quality of democracy in innovation systems: the USA, OECD countries, and EU member countries in global comparison. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(3), 467–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0246-7
Carayannis, E. G., Barth, T. D., & Campbell, D. F. (2012). The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-1-2
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2010). Triple helix, quadruple helix and quintuple helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other? International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 41–69. https://doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010010105
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655–690). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
Dhewanto, W., Hardjakaprabon, B., Lantu, D. C., Rachmawati, E., Chaerudin, R., Aina, Q., & Herliana, S. (2014). Triple helix model in Indonesian ICT cluster development. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(30 A), 302–307.
Effendi, D., Syukri, F., Subiyanto, A. F., & Utdityasan, R. N. (2016). Smart city Nusantara development through the application of Penta Helix model (A practical study to develop smart city based on local wisdom). In 2016 International Conference on ICT For Smart Society (ICISS) (pp. 80–85). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTSS.2016.7792856
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1997). Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University – Industry – Government Relations, (January 2001). SSRN.
Fathin, C. A. (2016). Analysis of three actors: roles of government, private sector, and university toward startup growth in Yogyakarta. JKAP, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.10642
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Fyodorov, M. V., Peshina, E. V., Gredina, O. V., & Avdeev, P. A. (2012). Pentahelix as a Concept of Knowledge Production in Innovative Economy. Upravlenec.
Gozali, I. (2008). Structural equation modeling: metode alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS). Badan Penerbit Undip, Edisi, 2.
Guerrero, M., & Urbano, D. (2019). A research agenda for entrepreneurship and innovation: the role of entrepreneurial universities. A Research Agenda for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 107. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788116015.00012
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications. https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800653614
Halibas, A. S., Sibayan, R. O., Lyn, R., & Maata, R. (2017). The Penta Helix Model of Innovation in Oman: An HEI Perspective, (May). Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 12, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.28945/3735
Ivanova, I. (2014). Quadruple helix systems and symmetry: a step towards helix innovation system classification. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 5(2), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-014-0201-z
Katili, H. W., Arbie, I. B., & Uno, H. H. (2012). Implementing the triple helix model to expand the economy of Gorontalo province beyond natural growth and create a welfare province for all. Implementing The Triple Helix Model In a non-Western Context: an Institutional Logics Perspective, 623–631.
Latan, H., & Ghozali, I. (2012). Partial least squares: concepts, techniques and applications using SmartPLS 3. Research Gate.
Leydesdorff, L. (2012a). The triple helix, quadruple helix, … , and an n-tuple of helices: explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4
Leydesdorff, L. (2012b). The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Scientometrics, 58, 191–203.
Leydesdorff, L., & Park, H. W. (2014). Can synergy in triple-helix relations be quantified? A review of the development of the triple-helix indicator. Triple Helix, 1(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2377307
Lindtner, S., Hertz, G. D., & Dourish, P. (2014). Emerging sites of HCI innovation. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’14, 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557132
Muhyi, H. A., Chan, A., Sukoco, I., & Herawaty, T. (2017). The Penta Helix Collaboration Model in Developing Centers of Flagship Industry in Bandung City. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 6(1).
Nylander, S., & Tholander, J. (2017). Community-based innovation among elite orienteers. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Communities and Technologies (pp. 87–95).
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1967). McGraw-Hill series in psychology. Psychometric theory. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
Parveen, S., Senin, A. A., & Umar, A. (2015). Organization culture and open innovation: A Quadruple Helix Open Innovation Model Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 335–342.
Ping, R. A. (2009). Is there any way to improve Average Variance Extracted (AVE) in a Latent Variable (LV) X (Revised)? http://Www.Wright.Edu/~robert.Ping/ImprovAVE2.Doc
Rampersad, G., Quester, P., & Troshani, I. (2010). Managing innovation networks: Exploratory evidence from ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnology networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(5), 793–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.07.002
Ranga, M., & Etzkowitz, H. (2013). Triple Helix systems: an analytical framework for innovation policy and practice in the Knowledge Society. Industry and Higher Education, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0165
Sharma, S., & Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-31064-8
Spender, J.-C., Corvello, V., Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P. (2017). Startups and open innovation: a review of the literature. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 4–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2015-0131
Tonkovic, A. M., Veckie, E., & Veckie, V. W. (2015). Aplications of penta helix model in economic development. Economy of Eastern Croatia Yesterday, Today, Tommorow, 4.
Tonkovic, A. M., Veckie, E., Veckie, V. W., & others. (2015). Aplications of Penta Helix Model in Economic Development. IDEAS.
Veckie, E., & Veckie, V. W. (2014). Aplications of Penta Helix model in economic development. Economy of Eastern Croatia Yesterday, Today, Tommorow, 4, 385–393.
Yahya, M. P., Santoso, B., & Wanto, A. H. (2018). Implementasi Bantuan Pemerintah dalam Kementrian Koperasi dan UKM (Studi Pada Kabupaten Lombok Tengah). Jurnal Profit, 12(2), 31–38.